Aflatoxins are a group of compounds characterized by a basic structure containing a dihydrofuran ring and coumarin (oxygenated naphthalene ketone). Their presence poses a serious threat to food safety, with risks to human health that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the detection of aflatoxins is crucial in the food safety production process.

Directed immobilization technology is a method that utilizes specific techniques and materials to immobilize target molecules or substances at predetermined locations or on designated carriers. This technique finds wide-ranging applications in various fields including biomedicine, materials science, and environmental monitoring. In research experiments across these domains, directed immobilization technology effectively enhances detection efficiency while reducing workload and research costs. As an efficient research strategy, it is widely adopted and extensively researched across scientific disciplines.

Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) technology has rapidly evolved over the past two decades as a method to disrupt protein function. The aim of this technology is to selectively degrade specific proteins, thereby modulating cellular processes and signaling pathways.

Nanobodies are regarded as promising strategies and tools in both targeted detection and clinical treatment fields. However, research on targeted detection and clinical treatment of Helicobacter pylori (HP) primarily focuses on peptides, single-chain antibodies (scFv), yolk antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies. Despite their high affinity, good stability, low immunogenicity, small molecular size, and ease of modification, there have been no significant reports on the development of effective nanobody drugs for targeting Helicobacter pylori.